As manufacturing technologies continue to drive down production costs and increase the availability of electric vehicles (EVs), they are becoming more affordable and accessible than ever. And as the shift from gas-powered cars to EVs continues to accelerate, more and more consumers are recognizing the significant benefits of this transition, like lower running expenses, a smaller carbon footprint, and improved driving ranges. Additionally, many EV owners find that at-home charging stations provide the ease of refueling at home while alleviating the pressure on the overburdened public charging infrastructure, becoming an essential asset for their daily routines and enhancing their overall EV ownership experience. Before making the switch to an EV, preparing your home for this new lifestyle is important. Here are some key preparation tips to ensure you are set up for success when welcoming an EV into your garage.
Selecting a Charging Level
Charging at home has become the most convenient and cost-effective way to maintain a healthy charge for your EV. Countless EV owners express an appreciation for being able to organize a personalized charging schedule, optimize energy use, save on costs, and avoid the hassle of searching for available public chargers. As you are considering making the switch to an EV or setting up an at-home charging station, it’s necessary to acknowledge the different levels of EV charging to determine which best suits your lifestyle and offers peace of mind.
There are currently three models of EV charging: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 or DC fast charging. Deciding the right level depends on your driving habits, current home electrical setup, and the model of your car or if it is a full battery electric vehicle (BEV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV).
Level 1 Charging
Level 1 is the slowest option available and uses a standard 120-volt outlet that you can typically find in any room of your home, including your garage, which means there may be no additional installation work needed. Oftentimes, when you purchase an EV, it may come equipped with a level 1 charging cable; however, this approach can take up to 50 hours to fully charge a BEV, making it a more suitable and sufficient option for those with lower mileage and range needs, or owners of a PHEV which can be fully charged in 5-6 hours.
Level 2 Charging
Most used for residential installations are Level 2 chargers, which utilize a 240-volt outlet, like those used for an electric stove or dryer. These can charge BEVs from empty to full in about 4-10 hours and PHEVs in just 1-2 hours, making them the efficient choice for those looking to maximize charging speed and convenience. Level 2 chargers have higher upfront costs and installation processes because they often require upgrades to your electrical system and a licensed electrician for professional installment. However, the benefits far outshine this initial investment, as with level 2 charging, owners can optimize time efficiency and integrate a charging schedule by plugging in at night, guaranteeing a full charge in the morning, saving them money on fuel prices, and reducing reliance on public charging.
Level 3 or DC Rapid Charging
DC rapid charging is the fastest charging method available, using 480 volts to charge EVs in as little as 30 minutes. DC rapid chargers are primarily found at public charging stations, making them ideal for quick “fill-ups” on road trips. They are rarely installed in homes due to high costs and the significant electrical upgrades that would be required.
Safety Measures for Preparing Your Garage and Using an At-Home EV Charger
It’s important to follow specific safety procedures when preparing your space for installation. Start by checking if your current electrical infrastructure is up to code and ready to support your new charging system. This may require help from a licensed electrician who will do a full assessment beforehand and recommend any necessary upgrades. Once your home’s electrical panel capacity can handle the load of the EV charger, you are now ready to follow these few safety measures to prepare your garage and start using your EV charging system:
- Always invest in certified equipment that meets current safety regulations and is covered by a warranty. Low-quality equipment can lead to safety hazards, damage to your vehicle, or expensive repairs.
- Consider the location of your charging station and make sure it is easily accessible, adequately placed three to four feet off the ground, and away from any water source or flammable materials.
- Climate-control your garage with proper insulation to maintain charging efficiency, especially in cold climates, as colder temperatures can adversely affect charging times.
- Only utilize a dedicated circuit, and never use multiple adapters or extension cords.
- Avoid overcharging your EV or leaving your EV plugged in longer than necessary.
- Regularly inspect the charging station, cable, and outlet for signs of damage or wear and tear that could be potentially dangerous. Avoid attempting to repair electrical equipment on your own.
Installing an At-Home Charging Station
Now that you’ve taken all the safety measures, you can install your EV charging system. If you’ve opted for a level 2 charger, the best thing you can do is get in touch with a licensed electrician. Consulting with a professional is recommended for more than just assessing your home’s electrical capacity but also verifying that your setup meets safety standards and that the electrical connections are securely installed and working correctly. With the proper installation and precautions in place, you can now enjoy safe, reliable, and efficient at-home EV charging!
